Brechas de acceso al diagnóstico de laboratorio clínico en entornos rurales: Revisión bibliográfica.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63618/omd/isj/v4/n4/449Palabras clave:
Diagnóstico de laboratorio, Accesibilidad a los servicios de salud, Atención primaria de salud, Población rural, Equidad en saludResumen
Las brechas de acceso al diagnóstico de laboratorio clínico constituyen una limitación para la capacidad resolutiva de la atención primaria, especialmente en poblaciones rurales y vulnerables. El objetivo fue caracterizar las brechas de acceso al diagnóstico clínico reportadas en la literatura científica y su impacto en la atención primaria de salud. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa con enfoque analítico mediante búsquedas en Scopus, ScienceDirect y SciELO. De 51 registros inicialmente identificados, se incluyeron 39 estudios, cuya información fue sometida a análisis temático. Se identificaron 90 brechas, agrupadas en acceso y oportunidad (43,3%), capacidad diagnóstica (22,2%), infraestructura (21,1%) y gestión administrativa (13,3%). Estas limitaciones se relacionaron con retrasos diagnósticos y terapéuticos, pérdida de seguimiento y persistencia de desigualdades, particularmente en poblaciones rurales y vulnerables. Las estrategias reportadas se orientaron principalmente a la descentralización de los servicios, ampliación de pruebas en el punto de atención, fortalecimiento de infraestructura y capacitación del personal. Se concluye que reducir estas brechas requiere intervenciones integrales y adaptadas al territorio que fortalezcan la capacidad diagnóstica del primer nivel y garanticen la continuidad entre diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Torres-Bustamante, Jordy Keyro, Tenorio-Sánchez, Mara Geovanna, Zúñiga-Sosa, Evelin Alexandra, Prohaño-Bustos, Melanie Sofía (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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