Intervenciones de terapia ocupacional en salud mental: efectos en la funcionalidad y calidad de vida.
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https://doi.org/10.63618/omd/isj/v4/n2/316Palabras clave:
Terapia ocupacional, Salud mental, Calidad de vida, Actividades de la vida diaria, RehabilitaciónResumen
Las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional han adquirido un papel relevante en el abordaje de los trastornos de salud mental, al favorecer la participación en actividades significativas, la recuperación de la funcionalidad y el bienestar general. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar la evidencia científica sobre su efecto en la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida. La investigación se desarrolló siguiendo la guía PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda en Scopus, PubMed y CINAHL identificó 325 registros; tras eliminar duplicados y aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión mediante la revisión de títulos, resúmenes y textos completos, se seleccionaron 18 estudios para el análisis final. Estos incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas, scoping reviews y ensayos clínicos centrados en diversas intervenciones ocupacionales dirigidas a personas con trastornos mentales. Los resultados evidencian que la terapia ocupacional mejora la funcionalidad, fortalece la participación ocupacional y promueve el bienestar psicológico. Además, intervenciones orientadas a la organización de rutinas, la realización de actividades significativas, la reintegración social y el retorno al trabajo mostraron efectos positivos en la calidad de vida. En conclusión, la terapia ocupacional se perfila como una estrategia clave en la rehabilitación en salud mental, aunque se requieren estudios con mayor rigor metodológico.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Vélez-Almea, Mary Dayanara, Franco-Acosta, Priscilla María, Novillo-Regalado, Deyaneira Solange, Abad-Valencia, Pedro Raúl (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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