Simulación exploratoria de estrategias de optimización hídrica mediante un modelo biofísico de respuesta estomática.
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https://doi.org/10.63618/omd/isj/v4/n2/304Palabras clave:
Respuesta estomática, estrés hídrico, optimización hídrica, biotecnología vegetal, eficiencia del uso del agua, simulación ecofisiológica.Resumen
La optimización del uso del agua en plantas es un desafío central ante el cambio climático y la creciente escasez hídrica. Este estudio desarrolló una simulación exploratoria de la respuesta estomática y la asimilación de carbono bajo distintos niveles de humedad del suelo mediante un modelo biofísico simplificado inspirado en Medlyn, implementado en R. El esquema acopló conductancia estomática (gₛ), asimilación proxy de CO₂, transpiración simplificada y balance hídrico del suelo para comparar escenarios de estrés leve, moderado y severo. Las simulaciones indicaron que la disminución de θ favorece el cierre estomático y reduce la asimilación y la eficiencia del uso del agua (WUE), mientras que combinaciones de VPD moderado (1.0–1.2 kPa) y humedad intermedia-alta (θ ≥ 0.40) mantuvieron los mejores desempeños relativos. Los pulsos de riego generaron recuperaciones transitorias, compatibles con una limitación hídrica dominante dentro del marco del modelo. Los patrones obtenidos fueron coherentes con tendencias ecofisiológicas reportadas en la literatura; sin embargo, el estudio no constituye una validación experimental ni una predicción especie-específica. En conjunto, el trabajo muestra que los modelos biofísicos simplificados pueden servir como herramientas exploratorias para analizar estrategias de manejo hídrico, identificar umbrales operativos y plantear hipótesis de investigación en cultivos expuestos a estrés hídrico
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Derechos de autor 2026 Méndez-Mantuano, Marcel Oswaldo, Huayamave-Rosado, Ángel Raúl, Valenzuela-Cobos, Juan Diego (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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