Inhibidores de SGLT2 y agonistas del receptor GLP-1 en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en adultos.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63618/omd/isj/v4/n2/252Palabras clave:
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, inhibidores de SGLT2, agonistas del receptor GLP-1, riesgo cardiovascular, protección renal, terapia combinadaResumen
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar de manera integral la evidencia científica reciente sobre el uso de los inhibidores del cotransportador sodio-glucosa tipo 2 (SGLT2i) y los agonistas del receptor del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 (GLP-1 RA) en adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, evaluando sus beneficios clínicos, limitaciones y potencial complementariedad terapéutica desde un enfoque cardiometabólico. Para lo cual, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. La búsqueda se efectuó en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus, incluyendo estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2025 en población adulta con diagnóstico confirmado de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, y analizaron 23 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios metodológicos establecidos. La evidencia muestra que los agonistas del receptor GLP-1 producen una reducción significativa y sostenida de la HbA1c y del peso corporal, además de un efecto favorable en la reducción de eventos cardiovasculares ateroscleróticos, mientras que, un efecto nefroprotector y menores hospitalizaciones por insuficiencia cardíaca, independiente de control glucémico, se relacionan con el inhibidor SGLT2. Asimismo, se reportó menor riesgo cardiometabólico y mejor control glucémico, como resultado de la terapia combinada GLP-1 RA + SGLT2i aunque estos hallazgos provienen de estudios observacionales. Concluyendo que los agonistas GLP-1 y los inhibidores SGLT2 representan pilares terapéuticos no intercambiables en el manejo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Moreno-Ramos, Kevin Rafael, Gualán-Pilamunga, Jaime Isaí, Toapanta-Lizano, Jennifer Lizbeth, Cisneros-Barahona, Andrés Santiago (Autor/a)
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